Kronologi Sejarah Dan Latar Belakang Aksi Militer Belanda Ii

Belanda tidak mematuhi perjanjian Renville, sehingga kembali terjadi Agresi Militer II yang oleh mereka tetap disebut sebagai Politional Activ. Mereka eksklusif menyerang sentra pemerintahan yang berada di Bukit Tinggi dan Yogyakarta. Penyerbuan ini dilakukan, secara mendadak. Informasi yang didiberikan pada pihak RI pun pada tengah malam tanggal 18 Desember 1948. 

The Dutch did not obey the Renville agreement, so that military aggression II returned to happen which they remained to be considered as Police Action. They directly attacked the governance center in Bukit Tinggi and Yogyakarta. This attack was peiformed all at once. The information which was passed to the Republic of Indonesia only at midnight on December 18, 1948.

The next moming, on December 19, 1948, the Dutch started to perform an invasion action applying airborne troops to Maguwo Airport. At this attack, most of all leaders of Republic of Indonesia were under arrest by the Dutch party such as President Soekarno, Sutan Sjahrir, and H. Agus Salim were exiled to Brastagi, while Moh. Hatta, Ali Sastroamidjojo and the other were banished to Parapat.

Pagi harinya tanggal 19 Desember 1948, Belanda mulai melaksanakan agresi penyerbuan dengan memakai pasukan lintas udara ke Bandara Maguwo. Pada serangan ini, hampir tiruana pimpinan RI ditahan oleh pihak Belanda ibarat Presiden Soekarno, Sutan Sjahrir, dan H. Agus Salim dimembuang ke Brastagi, sedangkan Moh. Hatta, Ali Sastroamidjojo dan lainnya di.membuang ke Parapat.

Several hours before the invasion, a limited meeting was held and its contents among others were as follows.. Beberapa jam sebelum penyerbuan ini, diadakan rapat terbatas yang isinya antara lain sebagai diberikut.
 

1. Through radiogram to give mandate to Safruddin Prawirguagara (Minister of Prosperity) to form an emergency government of Republic of Indonesia in Bukit Tinggi, West Sumatra.

Pemdiberian Mandat kepada Safruddin Prawirguagara (Menteri Kemakmuran) melalui radiogram untuk membentuk Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia di Bukit Tinggi Sumatra Barat. 

2. If Safruddin Prawirguagara failed to form an emergency government, then the president mandated L.N. Palar who was existing in India to form "an Exile Government".

Bila Safruddin Prawirguagara gagal membentuk pemerintah darurat, maka presiden memandatkan untuk membentuk "Exile Government" kepada L.N. Palar yang berada di India.

The military side in this case the soldiers and irregulars were very regretting of unwillingness of Soekarno-Hatta to wage guerrilla whereas some previous months they promised they would participate to wage guerrilla if Yogyakarta was invaded. General Sudirman who was the military commander at that time issued a command of Tactics number 1 which contained about the following matters.

Pihak militer dalam hal ini tentara dan laskar sangat menyayangkan ketidaksediaan Soekarno-Hatta untuk bergerilya padahal beberapa bulan sebelumnya mereka menjanjikan akan ikut bergerilya bila Yogyakarta diserang. Jenderal Sudirman yang pada waktu itu menjadi Panglima tentara mengeluarkan perintah Siasat No.1 yang meliputi wacana hal-hal sebagai diberikut.

1. Would not perform a Linear defence.

Tidak akan melaksanakan pertahanan Linier.

2. Duty to slow down the advance and invasion of the enemy and also total evacuation and scorched earth totally.

Tugas memperlambat kemajuan dan serbuan musuh serta pengungsian total serta bumi hangus total.

3. Duty to form enclaves at each military under district which had a totalitarian guerrilla governance and had a center at some mountain complexes.

Tugas membentuk kantong-kantong di setiap onderdistrik militer yang memiliki pemerintahan gerilya yang totaliter dan memiliki sentra di beberapa kompleks pepegununganan.

4. The duty of the troops coming from Federal area to infiltrate so that all Java became a large guerrilla warfare field area, or in another word a guerrilla warfare t'and its Long March of Siliwangi troops to West Java.

Tugas pasukan-pasukan yang berasal dari tempat Federal untuk menyusup sehingga seluruh pulau Jawa menjadi medan area perang geri lya yang besar, atau dengan kata lain perang Gerilya dan Long March-nya pasukan Sil iwangi ke Jawa Barat.

General Sudirman who was ill at that time remained to follow in action with a sedan chair carried by some of his loyal body-guards. The spirit of General Sudirman became a life legend who was respected by friend side and also enemy.

Jenderal Sudirman yang pada waktu itu sedang sakit tetap ikut dalam perang dengan ditandu yang dibawa oleh beberapa pengaward pribadinya yang setia. Semangat Jenderal Sudirman ini menjadi legenda hidup yang disegani oleh pihak mitra maupun lawan.

Moh. Hatta put forward the reason why Soekarno and he himself did not join to wage a guerrilla warfare, among others were as follows.

Sedangkan Moh. Hatta mengemukakan alasan mengapa Soekarno dan dirinya tidak ikutpelakukan perang gerilya, antara lain sebagai diberikut.

1. The work of the guerrilla troops became inefffective because besides they had to fight against the Dutch, they also had to protect the President and Vice President. In addition the available troops were very limited.

Kerja pasukan gerilya menjadi tidak efektif alasannya yaitu selain harus melawan Belanda, mereka juga harus melindungi Presiden dan Wakil Presiden. Ditambah lagi pasukan yang ada sangat terbatas.

2. If they participated to wage a guerrilla and were killed in the forest then their status was not recognized as a state functioners but as rebels. If they were arrested, then many comments of international world would arise.

Jika mereka ikut bergerilya dan nanti terbunuh di hutan maka status mereka tidaklah diakui sebagai pejabat negara tetapi sebagai pemberontak. Jika ditahan, maka akan menjadikan banyak jawaban dari dunia Intemasional.

Sumber Pustaka: Yrama Widya

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